java9以下

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String line;
            Process p;
            //如果是windows
            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")) {
                p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(System.getenv("windir") + "\\system32\\" + "tasklist.exe");

            } else {
                p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ps -e");
            }
            BufferedReader input =
                    new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = input.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line); //打印运行程序
            }
            input.close();
        } catch (Exception err) {
            err.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

java9及以上

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ProcessHandle.allProcesses()
            .forEach(process -> System.out.println(processDetails(process)));
}

private static String processDetails(ProcessHandle process) {
    return String.format("%8d %8s %10s %26s %-40s",
            process.pid(),
            text(process.parent().map(ProcessHandle::pid)),
            text(process.info().user()),
            text(process.info().startInstant()),
            text(process.info().commandLine()));
}

private static String text(Optional<?> optional) {
    return optional.map(Object::toString).orElse("-");
}